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Study the following information carefully and answer the given questions.
Seven persons, namely M, N, O, P, Q, R and S, like seven different cars, namely Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Mercedes, Nissan, Jaguar and Fiat but not necessarily in the same order. They will also attend a screening not necessarily in the same order from Monday to Sunday (of the same week). M will attend a screening on Friday. Only one person will attend a screening between M and the one who likes Jaguar. Only two persons will attend a screening between R and the one who likes Jaguar. The one who likes Nissan will attend a screening immediately before N. Only three persons will attend a screening between the one who likes Nissan and O. Only one person will attend a screening between the one who likes Mercedes and O. Q does not like Nissan. S will attend the screening immediately before O. Only one person will attend a screening between Q and the one who likes Audi. Only two persons will attend a screening between the one who likes Volkswagen and the one who likes BMW. The one who likes BMW will attend the screening between the one who likes Audi and Fiat. N does not like Audi.
Study the following carefully and answer the questions given below. Germany, France, UK, Italy, Japan, USA, Canada and Russia are the members of G-8 committee sitting around a circular table facing the centre, but not necessarily in the same order. All the member countries have different cars at the venue. These cars are Porsche, McLaren, Hennessey Venom, Zenvo, Ferrari, Lamborghini, Aston Maruti and Bugatti, but not necessarily in the same order.
The President of Germany who does not come in Aston is sitting third to the right of the President of France. The President whose car is Porsche is sitting second to the right of Japan's President. The President who used Ferrari is sitting fourth to the right of the person coming in Hennessey Venom, which is owned by the Canadian President. The President of Italy is sitting opposite the President who is coming in Bugatti. The UK and Canadian presidents are the neighbours of the Italian president. The President of Russia is sitting fifth to the left and third to the right of the Italian President.
There are two persons sitting between the USA President and the Canadian President. The President coming in Lamborghini is sitting second to the left of the USA President and the President coming in McLaren is sitting second to the right of the USA president. The President of a UK is coming in Zenvo.
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below. Eight persons A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H live in an eight-storey building. Each of them likes a different cars viz Duster, Thar, Safari, Wrangler, Eco sport, Ciaz, Beetle and Camry, but not necessarily in the same order. The lowermost floor is numbered 1 and the topmost floor is numbered 8. There is only one floor between the one who likes Safari and the one who likes Camry. There are two floors between the one who likes Thar and C. F lives on an even-numbered floor and likes Beetle. Neither A nor B likes Thar or Eco sport. The one who likes Wrangler lives on floor no. 1. There are three floors between the floor on which B lives and the floor on which E lives. F lives above C, who does not live on first floor but likes Duster. Only one person lives between the one who likes Eco sport and the one who likes Thar. The one who likes Safari lives on the topmost floor. H does not like Safari. G lives on the floor number which is between A and F. B lives above E and A.
Study the following information carefully and answer the given questions.
Seven persons, namely M, N, O, P, Q, R and S, like seven different cars, namely Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Mercedes, Nissan, Jaguar and Fiat but not necessarily in the same order. They will also attend a screening not necessarily in the same order from Monday to Sunday (of the same week). M will attend a screening on Friday. Only one person will attend a screening between M and the one who likes Jaguar. Only two persons will attend a screening between R and the one who likes Jaguar. The one who likes Nissan will attend a screening immediately before N. Only three persons will attend a screening between the one who likes Nissan and O. Only one person will attend a screening between the one who likes Mercedes and O. Q does not like Nissan. S will attend the screening immediately before O. Only one person will attend a screening between Q and the one who likes Audi. Only two persons will attend a screening between the one who likes Volkswagen and the one who likes BMW. The one who likes BMW will attend the screening between the one who likes Audi and Fiat. N does not like Audi.
Study the following carefully and answer the questions given below. Germany, France, UK, Italy, Japan, USA, Canada and Russia are the members of G-8 committee sitting around a circular table facing the centre, but not necessarily in the same order. All the member countries have different cars at the venue. These cars are Porsche, McLaren, Hennessey Venom, Zenvo, Ferrari, Lamborghini, Aston Maruti and Bugatti, but not necessarily in the same order.
The President of Germany who does not come in Aston is sitting third to the right of the President of France. The President whose car is Porsche is sitting second to the right of Japan's President. The President who used Ferrari is sitting fourth to the right of the person coming in Hennessey Venom, which is owned by the Canadian President. The President of Italy is sitting opposite the President who is coming in Bugatti. The UK and Canadian presidents are the neighbours of the Italian president. The President of Russia is sitting fifth to the left and third to the right of the Italian President.
There are two persons sitting between the USA President and the Canadian President. The President coming in Lamborghini is sitting second to the left of the USA President and the President coming in McLaren is sitting second to the right of the USA president. The President of a UK is coming in Zenvo.
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below. Eight persons A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H live in an eight-storey building. Each of them likes a different cars viz Duster, Thar, Safari, Wrangler, Eco sport, Ciaz, Beetle and Camry, but not necessarily in the same order. The lowermost floor is numbered 1 and the topmost floor is numbered 8. There is only one floor between the one who likes Safari and the one who likes Camry. There are two floors between the one who likes Thar and C. F lives on an even-numbered floor and likes Beetle. Neither A nor B likes Thar or Eco sport. The one who likes Wrangler lives on floor no. 1. There are three floors between the floor on which B lives and the floor on which E lives. F lives above C, who does not live on first floor but likes Duster. Only one person lives between the one who likes Eco sport and the one who likes Thar. The one who likes Safari lives on the topmost floor. H does not like Safari. G lives on the floor number which is between A and F. B lives above E and A.
PROFIT AND LOSS
Points to Remember:
Cost Price (CP): The price at which an article is brought, including all costs such as transportation, taxes, etc.
Selling Price (SP): The price at which an article is sold.
Profit or Gain: If selling price is greater than cost price, the seller makes profit or gain. Gain = SP – CP.
Loss: If the SP is less than the CP then seller makes loss. Loss = CP – SP
Basic Formulae:
i) Gain = SP - CP
ii) Loss = CP – SP
iii) Gain% = {[(SP – CP) x 100]/CP}
iv) Loss% = {[(CP – SP) x 100]/CP}
v) A person sells an item at x% loss (+ sign) or x% profit (- sign). Had he sold that item for Rs. X more his profit would have been y%. Then
CP = [X/(y±x) × 100)
vi) If there is a loss of x% on selling an item at selling price (SP1) and also there is a profit of y% on selling price (SP2) then
SP2 = [SP1(100 + y)/(100 – x)]
vii) When a person sells two similar items, one at a gain of say x%, and at a loss of x%, then the seller always incurs a loss given by:
Loss% = (Common Loss and Gain%/10)2 = (x/10)2
viii) If a trader professes to sell his goods at CP, but uses false weights, then,
Gain% = [Error/(True value – error)]x100%
ix) If the Cost price of M articles is equal to the selling price of N articles then the profit percent is given by
P = [(M – N)/N] x 100
Marked Price or List Price: Price that is indicated or marked on the article is called marked price or MP.
Discount: It is reduction given on the Marked Price or List Price of an article.
Discount% = discount/MP x 100%;
Selling Price = (100 – d)/100 x MP
x) If an article is sold after allowing two successive discounts of d1% and d2% then selling price (S.P) is given by
S.P = [(100 – d1)/100] x [(100 – d2)/100] x MP
xi) Two successive discounts of d1 and d2 are equivalent to a single discount of
d = d1 + d2 – (d1 x d2/100)
Solved Example Questions on Profit and Loss:
Type 1:
1. Pankaj purchased an item for Rs.7500 and sold it at the gain of 24%. From that amount he purchased another item and sold it at the loss of 20%. What is his overall gain or loss?
Solution:
CP1 = Rs.7500; SP1 = 7500 x 124/100 = Rs.9300 = CP2
SP2 = 9300 x 80/100 = 7440. Here CP1 > SP2 (Hence, loss is incurred here)
Therefore Loss = 7500 – 7440 = Rs.60
Type 2:
2. Vijay purchased a Washing machine and a Television for Rs.15,400 and Rs.19,600 respectively. He sold washing machine for a profit of 15 percent and the television for a loss of 20 percent. What is his overall loss/profit?
Solution:
CP of WM = 15400, P = 15%; CP of Tel = 19600, L = 20%
SP of WM = 115/100 x 15400 = 17710; SP of Tel = 80/100 x 19600 = 15680
Total CP = 15400 + 19600 = 35000
Total SP = 17710 + 15680 = 33390
Since CP is greater than SP loss is occurred. Loss = 35000 – 33390 = 1610
Type 3:
3. If by selling an article for Rs 60, a person loses 1/7 of outlay (cost), what would he have gained or lost per cent by selling it for Rs.77?
Solution:
CP = SP/(1 – 1/7) = 60 x 7/6 = 70
Profit% = 77 – 70/70 x 100 = 10%
Type 4:
4. A producer of tea blends two varieties of tea from two tea gardens one costing Rs 18 per kg and another Rs 20 per kg in the ratio 5 : 3. If he sells the blended variety at Rs 21 per kg, then his gain percent is
Solution:
Suppose he bought 5 kg and 3 kg of tea
Cost Price = Rs. (5 x 18 + 3 x 20) = Rs. 150
Selling price = Rs. (8 x 21) = Rs. 168.
Profit = 168 - 150 = 18
So, Profit % = (18/150) * 100 = 12%
Type 5:
5. If books bought at prices ranging from Rs. 200 to Rs. 350 are sold at prices ranging from Rs. 300 to Rs. 425, what is the greatest possible profit that might be made in selling eight books?
Solution:
Least Cost Price = Rs. (200 * 8) = Rs. 1600.
Greatest Selling Price = Rs. (425 * 8) = Rs. 3400.
Required profit = Rs. (3400 - 1600) = Rs. 1800.
More Types on Profit and Loss Problems will be discussed in the next Session, Kindly follow us daily.
Exercise Questions:
1). Reha purchased a Scooty for Rs.54000/-. She sold it at a loss of 8 percent. With that money he again purchased another Scooty and sold it at a profit of 10 percent. What is his overall loss/profit?
a) Loss of Rs.658/-
b) Profit of Rs. 568/-
c) Loss of Rs.638/-
d) Profit of Rs.638/-
e) None of these
2). Chandru purchased a Printer and a Washing machine or Rs.15400 and Rs.19600 respectively. He sold Printer for a profit of 15 percent and the Washing machine for a loss of 20 percent. What is his overall loss/profit?
a) Loss of Rs.1620
b) Profit of Rs.1620
c) Loss of Rs.1610
d) No gain no loss
e) Cannot be determined
3). By selling an book for Rs. 144, a shopkeeper loses 1 / 7 of his outlay. By selling it for Rs. 168, his gain or loss percent is ?
a) 20% loss
b) 20% gain
c) 4 1/ 6 % gain
d) 4 1/6 % loss
e) None of these
4). Arun owns a house worth Rs. 100000. He sells it to Mathi at a profit of 10% based on the worth of the house Mathi sell the house back to Arun at a loss of 10%. In this transaction Arun gets ?
a) No profit no loss
b) Profit of Rs . 10000
c) Profit of Rs . 11000
d) Profit of Rs . 20000
e) None of these
5). If articles bought at prices ranging from Rs. 150 to Rs. 300 are sold at prices ranging from Rs. 250 to Rs 350, what is the greatest possible profit that might be made in selling 15 articles ?
a) Rs. 2500
b) Rs. 3000
c) Rs. 3500
d) Rs. 4500
e) None of Above
6). Neepa blends two varieties of fruits - one costing Rs. 180 per kg and another costing Rs. 200 per kg in the ratio 5 : 3. If she sells the blended variety at Rs. 210 per kg, then her gain is :
a) 10%
b) 12%
c) 11%
d) 13%
e) None of these
7). A cashew nut seller mixes three varieties of nuts costing 50, 20 and 30 per kg in the ratio 2 : 4 : 3 in terms of weight and sells the mixture at 33 per kg. What percentage of profit does he make ?
a) 8%
b) 10%
c) 9%
d) 11%
e) None of these
8). An apple is sold at a certain price. By selling it at 2/3 of that price one loses 10%. The gain percent at original price is ?
a) 20%
b) 33 1/3%
c) 35%
d) 40%
e) None of these
9). A man sells a Pulsar Bike to his friend at 10% loss. If the friend sells it for Rs. 54000 and gains 20%, the original C.P. of the Bike was?
a) Rs. 25000
b) Rs. 37500
c) Rs. 50000
d) Rs. 60000
e) None of these
10). A Seller purchased some notes from a publication worth Rs. 750. Because of some reasons, he had to sell two-fifth part of the book at a loss of 15%. On which gain he should sell his rest of the notes, so that he gets neither nor loss
a) 10%
b) 9%
c) 12%
d) 15%
e) None of these
Answers with Explanation for Exercise Questions:
1). Answer: e)
1st SP = 2nd CP = Rs.54000 – 8% of Rs.54000.
= Rs.54000 – Rs.4320 = Rs.49680.
2nd SP = Rs.49680 + 10% of Rs.49680
= Rs.49680 + Rs.4968 = Rs.54648.
= Rs.54000 – Rs.4320 = Rs.49680.
2nd SP = Rs.49680 + 10% of Rs.49680
= Rs.49680 + Rs.4968 = Rs.54648.
:. Overall profit = 54648 – 54000 = Rs.648
2). Answer: c)
The total CP = Rs.15400 + Rs.19600 = Rs.35000
SP of Printer = 15400+ its 15% = 15400 + 2310 = Rs.17710.
SP of Washing machine = 19600 – its 20% = 19600-3920 = Rs.15680.
Total SP = 17710 + 15680 = Rs.33390
:. Overall loss = 35000 – 33390 = Rs.1610
SP of Printer = 15400+ its 15% = 15400 + 2310 = Rs.17710.
SP of Washing machine = 19600 – its 20% = 19600-3920 = Rs.15680.
Total SP = 17710 + 15680 = Rs.33390
:. Overall loss = 35000 – 33390 = Rs.1610
3). Answer: e)
Let C.P. = Rs. P
S.P. = (C.P.) - (Loss) = P - P/7 = Rs. 6P/7
∵ 6P / 7 = 144
∴ P = (144 x 7) / 6 = Rs. 168
Hence, no Loss and no gain.
S.P. = (C.P.) - (Loss) = P - P/7 = Rs. 6P/7
∵ 6P / 7 = 144
∴ P = (144 x 7) / 6 = Rs. 168
Hence, no Loss and no gain.
4). Answer: c)
C.P. of Mathi = 110% of Rs. 100000 = Rs. 110000
Loss of Mathi = 10%
S.P. of Mathi = 90% of Rs. 110000 = Rs. 99000
Thus, C.P. of Arun = Rs. 99000
So, Arun gets [(10% of Rs. 100000) + (100000 - 99000)] = Rs. 11000
Loss of Mathi = 10%
S.P. of Mathi = 90% of Rs. 110000 = Rs. 99000
Thus, C.P. of Arun = Rs. 99000
So, Arun gets [(10% of Rs. 100000) + (100000 - 99000)] = Rs. 11000
5). Answer: b)
The greatest profit is possible only if the cost price of the articles is minimum and selling prices are maximum.
Let lowest cost price of the 15 articles = 150*15 = Rs. 2,250
Maximum selling price of 15 articles = 350 *15 = Rs. 5,250
So, maximum profit = 5250 - 2250 = Rs. 3,000
6). Answer: c)
Let 5 kg of cheaper be mixed with 3 kg of dearer.
Then, Total C.P. = Rs. (180 x 5 + 200 x 3) = Rs. 1500
Total S.P. = Rs. (210 x 8) = Rs. 1680
Gain % = (180/1500 x 100) % = 12%
7). Answer: c)
Let 2x, 4x and 3x kg of three varieties be mixed.
Then, C.P. = Rs. [(2x × 50) + (4x × 20) + (3x × 30)] = Rs. 270x
S.P. = Rs. [(2x + 4x + 3x) × 33] = Rs. 297x
Gain % = (27x / 270x × 100) % = 10%
8). Answer: c)
Let C.P. = Rs.100
S.P. at 10% loss = Rs. 90
∵ 2 / 3 of actual S.P. = Rs. 90
So, Actual S.P. = Rs. (90 x 3/2) = Rs. 135
∴ Gain = 35%
S.P. at 10% loss = Rs. 90
∵ 2 / 3 of actual S.P. = Rs. 90
So, Actual S.P. = Rs. (90 x 3/2) = Rs. 135
∴ Gain = 35%
9). Answer: c)
∵ S.P. = Rs. 54000
Gain earned = 20%
∴ C.P. = Rs. (100/120) x 54000 = Rs. 45000
Now, S.P. = Rs. 45000
And Loss = 10%
∴ Original C.P. = Rs. (100/90) x 45000 = Rs. 50000
Gain earned = 20%
∴ C.P. = Rs. (100/120) x 54000 = Rs. 45000
Now, S.P. = Rs. 45000
And Loss = 10%
∴ Original C.P. = Rs. (100/90) x 45000 = Rs. 50000
10). Answer: a)
Here, A = 2/5, R = 15%
According to the formula
Gain % = AR/(1 - A)%
= [(2/5) x 15]/[1 - (2/5)]%
= (6 x 5)/3%
= 10%
According to the formula
Gain % = AR/(1 - A)%
= [(2/5) x 15]/[1 - (2/5)]%
= (6 x 5)/3%
= 10%
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